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These
include most instances of high blood pressure, migraine and tension
headaches, and peptic ulcer as well as many other problems. It is
commonly estimated that 50-80% of physician visits are motivated
by symptoms of stress-related illnesses. These problems can usually
be prevented or treated effectively by learning to regulate the
autonomic nervous system, the musculature, and the central nervous
system.
Autonomic Control - The autonomic system
is composed of the sympathetic branch (active in response to stress),
and the parasympathetic branch (active during relaxation and digestion).
Self-regulation of sympathetic nervous system activity is accomplished
with hand- and foot-warming and with control of palmar sweating.
In a general way this may be thought of as quieting the emotions.
Breathing - Everyone assumes they know
how to breathe or they wouldn't be alive, but there are different
breathing patterns. Those who have learned to sing or play a wind
instrument have often been taught diaphragmatic breathing, but many
others are uncertain about this healthy form of breathing. With
diaphragmatic breathing, when a person exhales with a hand on the
stomach, that hand moves toward the backbone. With inhalation, the
stomach area expands like a balloon filling with air. Many people
with asthma breathe exactly opposite of this, while many other people
do not move the stomach at all. The first pattern is known as "reverse
breathing' and the second one as "thoracic breathing."
Neither of these patterns is as healthy as diaphragmatic breathing
which allows the air in the bottom of the lungs to be efficiently
scavenged out to be replaced by fresh air.
Muscle
Relaxation - Muscles are activated in response to stress
as part of the fight-flight pattern. When muscles are active they
use much more energy than when relaxed. When muscles are relaxed,
messages are sent to the brain to the effect "everything is
OK." This helps to relax both the sympathetic nervous system
and the central nervous system. Muscle relaxation can be thought
of as quieting the body.
For
Stress management and treatment go through
Stress Management and
Relaxation Section.
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